The National History Museum is a must-visit destination in Ulaanbaatar for those curious about Mongolia’s rich past. The ground floor showcases fascinating exhibits from the Stone Age, including petroglyphs, deer stones (ancient steles carved with deer and animal motifs), and burial sites from the Xiongnu and Uighur eras. A highlight is the golden treasure discovered in 2001 near the monument of Kol Tegin, featuring items like a golden diadem.

On the first floor, visitors can explore traditional Mongolian culture through a vivid collection of costumes, headwear, and jewelry from various ethnic groups. The silver decorations of the Dariganga and the elaborate hairstyles of the Khalkhas are particularly striking—some outfits weigh over 25 kg!

The second floor dives into the era of the Mongol Empire. It features authentic 12th-century armor and a historical letter sent by Güyük Khan to Pope Innocent IV in 1246, written in both Latin and Persian, complete with the Khan’s seal. There's also an exhibition of traditional Mongolian life including a furnished ger (yurt), farming tools, and musical instruments.

In the 20th-century section, don’t miss Damdin Sükhbaatar’s hollow riding crop, used to hide a secret letter from the Bogd Khan in 1920. The final room presents Mongolia’s modern history, focusing on the democratic revolution of 1990.

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